Solar storm 太陽風暴
2024年5月10-11日的太陽風暴是在第25太陽週期中持續發生的一系列強大的太陽風暴，其中包括強烈到極端的太陽耀斑和地磁暴。太陽風暴在南北半球產生的極光緯度遠遠低於往常。這次的太陽活動達到了Kp指數達到了Kp9，即美國國家海洋和大氣管理局的G-標度的G5，其頻率為每個太陽周期3次，而上一次NOAA發布地球電磁擾動指數為G5的太陽風暴為2003年的萬聖節太陽風暴。
A series of powerful solar storms with intense to extreme solar flare and geomagnetic storm components have been ongoing since 10 May 2024 during solar cycle 25. The geomagnetic storm was the most powerful to affect Earth since October 2003, and produced aurorae at far lower latitudes than usual in both the northern and southern hemispheres.
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections
The Sun's photosphere imaged by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on 10 May. The sunspot group associated with active region 3664 is present on the Sun's western limb. The comparative sizes of Jupiter and Earth are shown to scale.
Duration: 8 seconds.0:08
Video of solar activity in extreme ultraviolet (131 Å) on 8 May 2024
On 8 May 2024, a solar active region which had been assigned the NOAA region number 13664 (usually abbreviated as 3664) produced an X1.0-class and multiple M-class solar flares and launched several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) toward Earth. On 9 May, the active region produced an X2.25- and X1.12-class flare each associated with a full-halo CME. On 10 May, the region produced an X3.98-class flare, and on 11 May at 01:23 UTC it produced another X-class flare of magnitude 5.4–5.7 with another asymmetrical full-halo CME. The region also caused an S1 solar radiation storm with spikes reaching S2.
Geomagnetic storm
Values of the three-hour Kp-index for 11 May 2024 Three CMEs from 8 May reached Earth on 10 May 2024, causing severe to extreme geomagnetic storms with bright and very long-lasting aurorae. In Asia, aurorae could be seen from Japan, the remote village of Hanle in northern India, and near the cities of Urumqi and Beijing in China. In Europe aurorae were seen from as far south as Spain,[12] Portugal,[13] and Cyprus,[14] with them also being visible in the Canary Islands.[15] In North America, aurorae were seen as far south as Florida,[16][17] Mexico, and the Bahamas. The aurora was also seen in Hawaii. In the Southern Hemisphere, the aurora was seen in New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and as far north as Uruguay, Namibia, and Mackay in Queensland, Australia.
Because the interplanetary magnetic field reached a magnitude of 73 nT (nanotesla) with the component along Earth's magnetic axis oriented strongly south, reaching as much as −50 nT, as well as because of moderately high solar wind density, and solar wind speed reaching 750–800 km/s (470–500 mi/s) between 11–12 May (UTC time), the event was classified as a G5-class geomagnetic storm (Kp=9), making it the most intense storm since the 2003 Halloween solar storms.[29][30] Several other CMEs were expected to reach Earth on 11 and 12 May.
A series of powerful solar storms with intense to extreme solar flare and geomagnetic storm components have been ongoing since 10 May 2024 during solar cycle 25. The geomagnetic storm was the most powerful to affect Earth since October 2003, and produced aurorae at far lower latitudes than usual in both the northern and southern hemispheres.
A series of powerful solar storms with intense to extreme solar flare and geomagnetic storm components have been ongoing since 10 May 2024 during solar cycle 25. The geomagnetic storm was the most powerful to affect Earth since October 2003, and produced aurorae at far lower latitudes than usual in both the northern and southern hemispheres.
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections
The Sun's photosphere imaged by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on 10 May. The sunspot group associated with active region 3664 is present on the Sun's western limb. The comparative sizes of Jupiter and Earth are shown to scale.
Duration: 8 seconds.0:08
Video of solar activity in extreme ultraviolet (131 Å) on 8 May 2024
On 8 May 2024, a solar active region which had been assigned the NOAA region number 13664 (usually abbreviated as 3664) produced an X1.0-class and multiple M-class solar flares and launched several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) toward Earth. On 9 May, the active region produced an X2.25- and X1.12-class flare each associated with a full-halo CME. On 10 May, the region produced an X3.98-class flare, and on 11 May at 01:23 UTC it produced another X-class flare of magnitude 5.4–5.7 with another asymmetrical full-halo CME. The region also caused an S1 solar radiation storm with spikes reaching S2.
Geomagnetic storm
Values of the three-hour Kp-index for 11 May 2024 Three CMEs from 8 May reached Earth on 10 May 2024, causing severe to extreme geomagnetic storms with bright and very long-lasting aurorae. In Asia, aurorae could be seen from Japan, the remote village of Hanle in northern India, and near the cities of Urumqi and Beijing in China. In Europe aurorae were seen from as far south as Spain,[12] Portugal,[13] and Cyprus,[14] with them also being visible in the Canary Islands.[15] In North America, aurorae were seen as far south as Florida,[16][17] Mexico, and the Bahamas. The aurora was also seen in Hawaii. In the Southern Hemisphere, the aurora was seen in New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and as far north as Uruguay, Namibia, and Mackay in Queensland, Australia.
Because the interplanetary magnetic field reached a magnitude of 73 nT (nanotesla) with the component along Earth's magnetic axis oriented strongly south, reaching as much as −50 nT, as well as because of moderately high solar wind density, and solar wind speed reaching 750–800 km/s (470–500 mi/s) between 11–12 May (UTC time), the event was classified as a G5-class geomagnetic storm (Kp=9), making it the most intense storm since the 2003 Halloween solar storms.[29][30] Several other CMEs were expected to reach Earth on 11 and 12 May.
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections
The Sun's photosphere imaged by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on 10 May. The sunspot group associated with active region 3664 is present on the Sun's western limb. The comparative sizes of Jupiter and Earth are shown to scale.
Duration: 8 seconds.0:08
Video of solar activity in extreme ultraviolet (131 Å) on 8 May 2024
On 8 May 2024, a solar active region which had been assigned the NOAA region number 13664 (usually abbreviated as 3664) produced an X1.0-class and multiple M-class solar flares and launched several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) toward Earth. On 9 May, the active region produced an X2.25- and X1.12-class flare each associated with a full-halo CME. On 10 May, the region produced an X3.98-class flare, and on 11 May at 01:23 UTC it produced another X-class flare of magnitude 5.4–5.7 with another asymmetrical full-halo CME. The region also caused an S1 solar radiation storm with spikes reaching S2.
Geomagnetic storm
Values of the three-hour Kp-index for 11 May 2024 Three CMEs from 8 May reached Earth on 10 May 2024, causing severe to extreme geomagnetic storms with bright and very long-lasting aurorae. In Asia, aurorae could be seen from Japan, the remote village of Hanle in northern India, and near the cities of Urumqi and Beijing in China. In Europe aurorae were seen from as far south as Spain,[12] Portugal,[13] and Cyprus,[14] with them also being visible in the Canary Islands.[15] In North America, aurorae were seen as far south as Florida,[16][17] Mexico, and the Bahamas. The aurora was also seen in Hawaii. In the Southern Hemisphere, the aurora was seen in New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and as far north as Uruguay, Namibia, and Mackay in Queensland, Australia.
Because the interplanetary magnetic field reached a magnitude of 73 nT (nanotesla) with the component along Earth's magnetic axis oriented strongly south, reaching as much as −50 nT, as well as because of moderately high solar wind density, and solar wind speed reaching 750–800 km/s (470–500 mi/s) between 11–12 May (UTC time), the event was classified as a G5-class geomagnetic storm (Kp=9), making it the most intense storm since the 2003 Halloween solar storms.[29][30] Several other CMEs were expected to reach Earth on 11 and 12 May.
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